Background and Objectives: Childhood conditions require special care and attention, believing that family, friends, environment, media could be all considered as environmental factors and motives that are related to the child and may affect all related affairs, activities, NEEDS and other matters related to it. These factors can play a very important role in shaping, directing and meeting the NEEDS of children. The child NEEDS to grow in a normal environment, have the necessary support and assistance so as he/she can assume his responsibilities in society and prepare for living as a member of the community. In the process of the child’ s learning, many adults are involved. They provide necessary INFORMATION for the child, so they can play an effective role. The first and most important group is parents who are in direct contact with the child all the time and interact with him/her more than everybody and, of course, will play a greater role in this direction. By knowing children's INFORMATION NEEDS, they can try to provide children with the necessary INFORMATION in a variety of ways. Methodology: The main purpose of this research is reviewing and categorizing children INFORMATION NEEDS. According to the Convention of the Rights of the Child (CRC), children means up to 18 years old. This research use review-analytical method. First part reviewed researches which focused on children INFORMATION NEEDS. Much of the research is based on Maslow pyramid. Considering the limitations of access to foreign and international research database, extensive search was made at accessible databases. "INFORMATION NEEDS" was used as keyword and search was limited using "child", "children", "kids" and "young adult". The articles which paid attention to categorizing INFORMATION NEEDS of children were considered. Most articles were English and few were Persian. Some of articles which did not provide access to their full text, were requested through a document supply system, some of which were provided and studied. Some of articles were provided by contacting authors and received by email. Findings: A limited number of articles were received by email to the corresponding authors. A few articles were not provided in the ways mentioned, so their study was not provided. These studies are divided into two groups: some of them have focused on children's INFORMATION NEEDS (for example Farrell (1974), Fourie (1995) and Palaniandy (1998) and the other part specifically defines the INFORMATION NEEDS of children in different classify. In 1973, a conference was held on the occupational NEEDS of ethnic groups and other groups in the United States. One of the focuses of this conference was to consider the INFORMATION NEEDS of children and adolescents as a specific group. Walter (1994) went to California, Los Angeles and Santa Barbara to research about children's INFORMATION NEEDS. Because there is a presumption that the INFORMATION NEEDS of children are mainly examined by the elderly, the researcher decided to collect the required data from the elderly. Walter in this study found out that the results of his research were very much coherent with Maslow’ s pyramid of basic human NEEDS. Walter's findings suggest that children will experience the following INFORMATION NEEDS during their childhood: selffulfillment, credit, love and belonging, security. Herman (2010), in his research on the INFORMATION NEEDS of children, offers the following categories of children's INFORMATION NEEDS: school related INFORMATION NEEDS, entertainment and leisure related INFORMATION NEEDS, personal INFORMATION NEEDS (problems that the person is involved in, medications, family conditions), INFORMATION NEEDS of specific individuals (such as children, intelligent children, people with disabilities, people with special problems, multilingualism, indigenous people who are not able to speak in the official language of that area). A review of the research that has been done so far has shown that most studies have focused on Maslow's basic NEEDS for the INFORMATION NEEDS of children. One of the most important work that has been done to identify the NEEDS of children on a global scale so far has been the Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted in Geneva in 1959. This article is based on Convention of the Rights of the Child and notify categories of children INFORMATION NEEDS which are related to: survival and life; social security and quality of life; self-support, abuse prevent; personal and family relationship, friendship; freedom of expression and thought; religious; books, informative sources, media and social networks; health; specialized training; self-esteem, personal and social dignity. Focusing on the nature of children INFORMATION NEEDS will help public librarians in collection development for children. Discussion: This research showed that NEEDS to know about survival and life, social security and quality of life is one of the most important NEEDS of children, article 26 in CRC was mentioned it. It will be so necessary in puberty and adolescence age. Child NEEDS INFORMATION about selfsupport (article 3 in CRC), abuse prevent (articles 32-37 in CRC) for better deciding about child labor and economic exploitation, drug dealing, children's sales and torture. INFORMATION need about personal and family relationship and friendship (articles 9 in CRC) are important for social relations and detecting friends. Children NEEDS to know about freedom of expression and thought (articles 13 and 14 in CRC). Child NEEDS to know about religious (article 14 in CRC) and so he will need religious book, people and place. INFORMATION NEEDS about books, informative sources, media and social networks (article 17 in CRC) is important. They need to know about national and international INFORMATION resources and how to use them. Child NEEDS INFORMATION about health (article 24 in CRC). Child NEEDS to know about sickness, how we get sick, what should we do with sick people. They need INFORMATION about specialized training (article 28 in CRC). So teachers can play an important role and school is the best INFORMATION texture. Child NEEDS some INFORMATION about entertainment and leisure (article 31 in CRC). They need to know how entertain themselves and how spare their time. Having INFORMATION about self-esteem (article 29 in CRC), personal and social dignity will help children to know that they are also worthy of respect and have the right to object.

Purpose: To explore the impact of INFORMATION seeking behavior of theses indexers to meet their INFORMATION NEEDS. Methodology: 35 indexers at the National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI) and the Iranian Research Institute for INFORMATION Science and Technology (IRANDOC) composed the statistical population. A Likert scaled questionnaire was used for data collection. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Findings: INFORMATION seeking behavior of indexers meets their INFORMATION NEEDS in 7 components, not for "using sample documents" with a (mean lower than average: 2. 66). The total mean of the 8 components studied was 3. 63 (above the average). The research hypothesis is confirmed as the overall mean exceeds 3 on Likert scale. Conclusion: Respondents have sufficient expertise and experience. Their INFORMATION-seeking behavior fulfills a high level of INFORMATION NEEDS at various stages of indexing.

Introduction: The principle of uncertainty in quantum physics changed the attitude towards self and existence. Uncertainty exists in many human activities and various factors cause uncertainty in individuals. The purpose of this paper was to study the uncertainty and INFORMATION NEEDS and the relationship between these two variables.Methodology: This paper is a literature review and the concepts are clarified by examining texts related to uncertainty and INFORMATION NEEDSFindings: In this paper, the effects of uncertainty on INFORMATION acquisition, INFORMATION need and INFORMATION behavior were examined. Fuzzy logic has been proposed as a way to reduce uncertainty in the INFORMATION retrieval system.Conclusion: Uncertainty is closely related to the concept of INFORMATION. The most fundamental aspect of this relationship is that the occurrence of uncertainty in the problem-solving conditions is due to changes in the cognitive status of individuals, or the existence of incomplete, contradictory, unreliable and vague INFORMATION in them and uncertainty can be controlled as much as possible by obtaining appropriate and timely INFORMATION. Also, uncertainty has not always been a negative aspect of various studies, but it can sometimes lead to creativity and innovation

Background & Objectives: Regarding to importance of health INFORMATION in recent years and necessity of access to the INFORMATION on special and vulnerable groups like foreign immigrants, this research aimed to study health INFORMATION NEEDS of immigrants admitted to Health care Centers of the Medical Sciences Universities.Methods: This descriptive study was carried out among Iraqi and Afghans formal immigrants who live in Iran. Researcher made questionnaire was used to collect data and T-test and ANOVA were applied to analyze data using SPSS.Result: There was no significant difference between health INFORMATION NEEDS and demographic factors. “INFORMATION on infectious diseases” was recognized as an important NEEDS about diseases with the highest average score (4.09). Schools and Universities were found as important sources for health INFORMATION of immigrants. Lack of immigrants’ knowledge on traditional sources for hygiene and health with the mean score of 3.93 was detected as the most important challenge for immigrants to receive health INFORMATION.Conclusion: According to research findings, we can conclude that immigrants’ health INFORMATION NEEDS are at the high level. The result of this study could help the authorities and health INFORMATION policy makers in planning to select, collect and organize the health INFORMATION and disseminate it to libraries and INFORMATION centers to provide health INFORMATION NEEDS to improve their knowledge on health.

Background and Aim: To optimize emergency services depends on appropriate management structures and efficient and effective INFORMATION system design. This study aimed to investigate emergency department staff's INFORMATION NEEDS of emergency INFORMATION system and to design a conceptual model of these NEEDS.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed among nurses and emergency medicine professionals working in emergency units of 9 hospitals affiliated to Tehran and Shahid Beheshti Universities of Medical Sciences. Data were collected by interviewing 25 staff members in the emergency department, model design by RUP method and UML language and questionnaire distribution among 315 staff members in the emergency department. Data collected were analyzed by descriptive statistics and SPSS.Results: Most nurses and emergency medicine physicians believed that multiple data elements such as time of patient's first visit and procedure, the latest status of patient, medical procedure taken, and paraclinical procedure taken must exist in the emergency INFORMATION system. Also 68.3% (108) of them agreed with the relationship between data elements required in the clinical practice process.Conclusion: It is concluded that the presence of identity, clinical, and paraclinical data in emergency INFORMATION systems can produce an electronic medical record.According to these data, elements can improve the coordination between the hospital emergency and pre-hospital rescue teams, controlling of victim status, access to patient reports and quality of service to patients.

The purpose of this project is to study the nanotechnology researchers’ INFORMATION NEEDS and INFORMATION retrieval behavior. Its Methodology is questionnaire survey. Research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose reliability was calculated through Cronbach a (a=0.914) and whose content validity was analyzed and approved through expert opinions.1225 researchers in nanotechnology are included as the research population out of whom 291 researchers, based on Krejcie and Morgan table, were selected using cluster random sampling method. Out of distributed questionnaires (500), 243 of them (84% of the sample) were returned completed. Statistical analyses were carried out in SPSS and Excel environments. The results of research indicate that, 69.7% researchers mainly use articles, 58.8 % of them e-journals, and a few of them use bibliographies as formal sources. Their ideal type of resource is e-resources. Their motives to use INFORMATION are mainly conducting research projects and updating their field-related INFORMATION. Academic centers are where they usually refer to address their INFORMATION NEEDS. The major problems to access INFORMATION are inappropriate internet services and lack of access to certain data bases due to subscription issues.

Purpose: Studying the INFORMATION NEEDS of Iran publications directors.Methodology: The survey method is used in this research. The sample totaled 1997 directors that 214 ones were selected through a systematic random sampling. The questionnaire is used as a tool of the survey. To analyze the data, we used descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and variance. Also, the data was analyzed by the SPSS software.Findings: Iran publications directors considered 56 persons (%37.33) as the first priority of their most NEEDS for INFORMATION resources to train and to research; they also considered 50 persons (%33.33) as their second priority of the most NEEDS for INFORMATION resources to increase professional knowledge. The directors considered 55 persons (%36.6) as the third priority of the most NEEDS for INFORMATION resources to increase personal knowledge and 91 persons (%60.66) as the forth priority to gain INFORMATION about other publications respectively.The most average of gaining INFORMATION is highly through the Internet (%4.11). The Fox News Media is of “the most used media” for INFORMATION resources; “the least useed media” of the resources is a Latin one called Persivishen (%0.56). There are many various methods of surfing the Internet and websites. The importance of the library in fulfilling the INFORMATION NEEDS under this study sample is %3.13.Conclusion: It was found that the Internet is the first INFORMATION device for publications of the  managers and the usage of readers opinions is in the next step. The main aim of the publications of the managers is to search INFORMATION and up to date it (37.33%). Finally, they use more than 34% from their emails.